Japan was not "discovered" in the traditional sense, as it has been inhabited for thousands of years. However, the first recorded contact between Japan and the outside world was in the 1st century AD, when it was mentioned in Chinese historical texts. The first known European to reach Japan was Portuguese explorer Fernão Mendes Pinto in 1543. So, while Japan was not "discovered" in the same way as a new landmass, it has a long history of contact with other cultures. **

The discovery of DNA is attributed to multiple scientists, but the most famous discovery is often credited to James Watson and Francis Crick. In 1953, they proposed the double helix structure of DNA, which revolutionized our understanding of genetics. However, it's important to note that the understanding of DNA was built upon the work of many scientists, including Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins, and others who contributed to the discovery of DNA's structure. **

The discovery was a new species of deep-sea fish called the Mariana snailfish. This fish was found at a depth of 26,722 feet in the Mariana Trench, making it the deepest-dwelling fish ever recorded. The discovery sheds light on the incredible adaptability of marine life to extreme environments. **

Tuberculosis was discovered by Dr. Robert Koch, a German physician and microbiologist, in 1882. Koch identified the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the cause of the disease, revolutionizing our understanding of tuberculosis and paving the way for improved diagnosis and treatment. His groundbreaking discovery earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905. **

Hydrogen was discovered by the English scientist Henry Cavendish in 1766. Cavendish isolated hydrogen gas by reacting metals with acids. He named the gas "inflammable air" because it produced water when burned. Cavendish's discovery of hydrogen laid the foundation for further research into the element's properties and uses. **

Hydropower was discovered and utilized by ancient civilizations such as the Greeks, Romans, and Chinese. However, the modern development and harnessing of hydropower can be attributed to James Francis, who is considered the father of modern hydropower technology. Francis made significant advancements in water turbine design in the 19th century, which greatly improved the efficiency and practicality of hydropower generation. **

Uranus was discovered by the German-born British astronomer Sir William Herschel on March 13, 1781. Herschel initially thought he had discovered a comet, but further observations revealed that it was actually a new planet. This discovery expanded the known boundaries of the solar system and was a significant contribution to the field of astronomy. **

Alaska was first discovered by Europeans in 1741 when the Russian explorer Vitus Bering sighted the Alaskan mainland. However, the indigenous peoples of Alaska had been living in the region for thousands of years before European arrival. The area was later colonized by Russia and then sold to the United States in 1867, becoming a U.S. territory before eventually achieving statehood in 1959. **